Chem. Rev.: RESOLV members, Prof. Elsa Sánchez-García and Prof. Wolfram Sander delve into the intricate network of intermolecular interactions that govern protein structure and function. This review examines how both strong ionic contacts and weak hydrophobic forces, modulated by solvent effects, influence protein folding, enzymatic activity, and protein–peptide binding. Through computational case studies, the authors highlight the complex interplay of these forces in biomolecular systems.